临床误诊误治

目的 调查老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者营养素养现状，分析影响因素。方法 选取2021年12月至2024年12月收治的老年COPD患者作为研究对象，观察患者营养素养得分情况，分析老年COPD患者营养素养影响因素。结果 100例患者NLit量表总分(19.87±2.34)分，其中得分最高的是消费技能(4.31±1.07)分。不同年龄、性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、住院时间患者NLit量表比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；不同文化程度、病程、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)、动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)患者NLit量表比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示，文化程度初中以下、FEV1/FVC<50%、PaO₂<60 mm Hg是老年COPD患者营养素养的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论 老年COPD患者营养素养水平较低，文化程度初中以下、FEV1/FVC<50%、PaO₂<60 mm Hg是老年COPD患者营养素养的影响因素，应针对相关因素及时干预，以提高患者营养素养。

Objective To investigate the current status of nutritional literacy in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods COPD patients admitted from December 2021 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects.The scores of nutritional literacy of the patients were observed,and the influencing factors of nutritional literacy in elderly COPD patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The total score of the NLit scale for 100 patients was (19.87±2.34) points,among which the highest score was for consumption skills (4.31±1.07) points.There was no significant difference in the NLit scale among patients of different ages,genders,body mass index,smoking history,drinking history,and length of hospital stay(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the NLit scale among patients with different educational levels,disease courses,forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO₂),and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂)(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level below junior high school,FEV1/FVC<50%,and PaO₂<60 mm Hg were influencing factors of the nutritional literacy of elderly patients with COPD (P<0.01).Conclusion The current level of nutritional literacy in elderly patients with COPD is relatively low.Educational level below junior high school,FEV1/FVC<50%,and PaO₂<60 mm Hg are influencing factors of the nutritional literacy of elderly patients with COPD.Timely intervention should be carried out for the relevant factors to improve the nutritional literacy of patients.